Identity area
Type of entity
Corporate body
Authorized form of name
Skagaströnd / Höfðakaupsstaður
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Standardized form(s) of name according to other rules
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Identifiers for corporate bodies
Description area
Dates of existence
(1930)
History
Skagaströnd er kauptún á vestanverðum Skaga milli Spákonufells og Spákonufellshöfða, sem gengur í sjó fram.
Bærinn stendur við víkina sunnan höfðans. Ekki er getið um sérstakt landnám á Skagaströnd en Þórdís spákona, sem bjó þar á 10. öld, var fjölkunnug og ráðrík.
Verzlunar er fyrst getið í heimildum árið 1586 en vafa lítið hefur hún hafizt fyrr.
Í upphafi einokunarverzlunarinnar árið 1602 varð Skagaströnd löggiltur verzlunarstaður. Þá var talað um að verzla í Höfða og nafnið Höfðakaupsstaður varð til.
Nafnið Skagaströnd er líklega tilkomið vegna þess hve erfitt var fyrir dönsku kaupmennina að bera hitt nafið fram. Lítils háttar byggð myndaðist í kringum verzlunina á síðarihluta átjándu aldar og húsum fjölgaði um miðja nítjándu öldina, þegar saltfiskverkun til útflutings hófst þar.
Alvöru þéttbýli fór ekki að myndast fyrr en eftir aldamótin 1900, þegar umbætur urðu í útgerð og fiskverkun. Bærinn óx mest um miðja 19. öldina á síldarárunum.
Þá var höfnin stórbætt og síldarbræðsla byggð ásamt tveimur frystihúsum.
Íbúumfækkaði verulega, þegar síldin brást og togaraútgerð hófst ekki fyrr en á sjöunda áratugnum.
Þar er rekin mikil útgerð og höfðu Skagstrendingar frumkvæði að smíði fyrsta íslenska frystitogarans, sem flestir töldu glapræði á þeim tíma. Frystitogararnir hafa að mestu tekið við hlutverki frystihúsanna. Léttur iðnaður er á Skagaströnd og góð verslunarþjónusta. Lengi var sagt að Skagstrendingur hf. útgerðarfélag, hefði komið Skagaströnd á kortið, en hinn íslenski kúreki, Hallbjörn Hjartarson bætti um betur á eftirminnilegan hátt. Veitingahús hans, Kántrýbær, var landsfrægt og hróður þess barst um víða veröld og haldnar voru "kántrýhátíð" árlega við miklarvinsældir. Einnig rak hann útvarpsstöð sem eingöngu voru leiknar sveitatónlist og þá helst frá mið- og suðurríkjum Bandarríkjanna.
Margt fleira er í boði á Skagaströnd og er þess virði aðbeygja út af þjóðvegi nr. 1 og heimsækja staðinn. Spákonufellið (646m) setur svip á bæinn. Efst á því er grágrýtishamraborg, Spákonufellsborg, sem staðarmenn nefna gjarnan Borgarhaus.
Bezta uppgangan á fellið er að norðanverðu og uppi á Borgarhaus er dagbók í vörðu.
Spákonufellshöfðinn var friðlýstur sem fólkvangur 1980. Hann er lábarinn gostappi úr blágrýti, prýddur stuðlabergi.
Gamli verzlunarstaðurinn, Höfðakaupstaður, var rétt við höfðann. Ganga um hann tekur u.þ.b. klukkustund og útsýni ágætt af honum.
Places
Skagi; Skagaströnd; Vindhælishreppur; Spákonufell; Höfði; Kántrýbær; Borgarhaus; Húnaflói; Finnsstaðir, Háagerði; Spákonufell; Höfðahólar;
Legal status
í Húnavatnssýslu allri var einungis einn verzlunarstaður, Höfðakaupstaður (Skagaströnd). Þangað sóttu og almennt Skagfirðingar vestan Héraðsvatna. Á fyrri hluta 19. aldar eru næstu verzlunarstaðir, að vestan Stykkishólmur og að austan Hofsós.
Um aldamótin 1800 er eigandi verzlunarinnar í Höfðakaupstað Frisch justizráð, er einnig átti verzlanir við Eyjafjörð, en 1806 eða 1807 selur hann verzlanir sínar kaupmönnunum Busoh og Schram. Þóttu þeir illir viðskiptis, oghefi ég nánar vikið að því annars staðar. Frekari eigendaskipti verða svo á öldinni, þó að hér verði ekki rakið, en síðasti eigandi hennar var Carl Höepfner, er einnig rak verzlun á Blönduósi, eftir að verzlun hófst þar, og víða á Norðurlandi. Lögðust selstöðuverzlanir þessar ekki niður fyrr en nokkuð eftir síðustu aldamót.
Höfðakaupmenn voru einráðir um verzlunina til 1835, en þá kom til sögunnar ný verzlun við hliðina á hinni, Hólanesverzlunin. Voru fyrstu eigendur hennar verzlunarfélagarnir Hillebrandt og Bergmann.
Litlar sagnir eru um, að lausakaupmenn hafi komið til Höfðakaupstaðar til verzlunarviðskipta, enda gerðu verzlunarstjórarnir allt sem þeir gátu til að hindra viðskipti þeirra við héraðsbúa. Lausakaupmenn munu þó hafa haft nokkur áihrif á verðlagið í landi, þannig lækkaði rúgtunnan um 1844 um V4 rd., vegna komu lausakaupmanna á höfnina í Höfðakaupstað.
Functions, occupations and activities
Löggilding nærliggjandi verzlunarstaða fór fram sem hér segir:
Borðeyri 23.12.1846.
Sauðárkrókur 27.5.1857.
Borgarnes 23.3.1867
Blönduós 15.10.1875.
Búðardalur 8.11.1883.
Hólmavík 3.1,1890.
Hvammstangi 13.12.1895.
Mandates/sources of authority
Internal structures/genealogy
Um aldamótin 1900 var nokkur fjöldi þurrabúða á Skagaströnd. Í bók Bjarna Guðmarssonar Byggðin undir Borginni segir:
„Húsin stóðu flest í einfaldri röð niður við sóinn. Ef við horfum norður eftir er
Bráðræði syðst. Það var þurrabúð í eigu Péturs Sæmundssen.
Þar næst kom komu Litla-Berg og Stóra-Berg upp af Hólanesi, hvoru tveggja átti Carl Berndsen kaupmaður.
Nokkru austar stóð þurrabúðin Hólagerði í landi Höfðahóla.
Á Hólanesi stóðu Pálsbær, sem var þurrabúð Lárusar Guðnjónssonar og Hólanesverslunarhúsin, sem Frits Berndsen átti […].
Á Hólanesi var einnig Glasgow, þurrabúð Jósefs Stiesens söðlasmiðs.
Í Víðvík, á mili verslunarstaðanna, var nú aflagt vetingahús. Átti Jónas Pálmason hús þar og voru í því tvö heimili.
Í Karlsminni, þar sem Frits Hendrik Berndsen hóf verslun sína, var nú þurrabúð Jóns B. Tómassonar.
Næst kom þurrabúð Sölva Jónssonar, er hét Lækjarbakki.
Á Læk bjó Halldór Gunnlögsen verslunarþjónn Höepnerverslunar og Björg ljósmyndari, kona hans.
Þá komu Skagastrandar verslunarhúsin, sum frá 18. öld. Bjuggu þar fjölskyldur Evalds Hemmert verslunarstjóra og Ólafs Guðmundssonar sjómanns.
Nyrst var síðan þurrabúðin Réttarholt, sem bræðurnir Jens Jakob og Jóhann Jósefssynir á Spákonufelli áttu.“
General context
Skagaströnd heitir strandlengjan við austanverðan Húnaflóa og er það nafn talið eiga við um svæðið norðan Laxár og út undir Króksbjarg. Bærinn Skagaströnd, sem áður nefndist Höfðakaupstaður, er miðsvæðis og stendur elsti hluti hans suðaustan undir Spákonufellshöfða sem skagar vestur í flóann. Skipalægi við Höfðann þótti fremur ótryggt og opið fyrir hafsjó, ísreki og stormum einkum ef blés af suðvestan eða norðaustan. Engu að síður byggðist upp verslunarstaður þar í byrjun 17. aldar, en fyrsta leyfisbréf konungs til verslunar á Skagaströnd er frá árinu 1586. Hvenær kaupmenn hafa fyrst farið að venja komur sínar til Skagastrandar er hins vegar ekki vitað.
Höfðakaupstaður var í Vindhælishreppi fram að hreppaskiptunum árið 1938 að Höfðahreppur varð til. Höfðahreppur (Sveitarfélagið Skagaströnd) nær frá Hrafná að sunnan að Harrastaðaá að norðan. Innan sveitarfélagsins eru jarðirnar Finnsstaðir, Háagerði, Spákonufell og Höfðahólar. Höfðahólar voru ríkisjörð árið 1938 þegar hreppaskipan var breytt en hinar jarðirnar í einkaeign. Höfðahreppur keypti Finnsstaði árið 1943 og Spákonufell árið 1945 en leigði Fell (Litla-Fell) og Höfðahóla frá árinu 1956 fram til ársins 1970 að hreppurinn keypti allar þessar jarðir.
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is the associate of
Skagaströnd / Höfðakaupsstaður
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Access points area
Subject access points
Place access points
Occupations
Control area
Authority record identifier
Institution identifier
IS HAH-Skag
Rules and/or conventions used
Status
Final
Level of detail
Full
Dates of creation, revision and deletion
GPJ 27.2.2019
Language(s)
- Icelandic